Research Papers

From Partnership to Panic: How Misinformation Distorted Japan’s Africa City Initiative (TICAD 9)

Prof. Habib Al Badawi The Architecture of Misunderstanding The “Partner City” initiative, conceived as a cornerstone of Japan’s soft diplomatic engagement with Africa through the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), represented an ambitious yet fundamentally modest vision of international cooperation. By establishing formal partnerships between four Japanese municipalities—Nagai, Kisarazu, Sanjo, and Imabari—and the …

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India Must Resist TRIPS‑Plus IP Pressures to Protect Biotech and Public Health

The push for TRIPS‑Plus IP provisions threatens innovation and access to affordable healthcare worldwide By Nandan Trivedi India’s remarkable rise as a global pharmaceutical powerhouse is no accident—it is the result of strategic legal foresight, including a refusal to bow to overreaching global IP standards. Now, as India negotiates multiple Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with …

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When Authority Undermines Literacy: A Case Study of Public Grammar, Political Power, and Institutional Response

By Professor Habib Al-Badawi Abstract Purpose: This study investigates how grammatical errors in official communications from educational authorities impact their perceived legitimacy and credibility. Specifically, it examines the May 2025 case of U.S. Education Secretary McMahon’s grammatically flawed letter to Harvard University threatening federal funding withdrawal and analyzes the resulting public discourse and institutional responses. …

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From Reciprocity to Retaliation: The Trump Doctrine and the Transformation of U.S. Trade Policy in a Fragmented Global Order

Habib Badawi, Mohamed Hani, Ouahiba Louahab Introduction The return of Donald Trump to the presidency in 2024 marks a pivotal moment in the evolution of U.S. trade policy and global economic governance. Far from representing a mere continuation of his first term’s approach, Trump’s second administration has catalyzed a profound transformation in America’s engagement with the …

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Weaponizing Trade: Trump’s Tariff Tantrum and the Collapse of International Economic Order

By Professor Habib Al-Badawi, Mohamed Hani, Ouahiba Louahab As we enter the mid-2020s, the global economic landscape bears little resemblance to the optimistic visions of liberal internationalism that dominated the immediate post-Cold War era. The promise of an integrated global economy—characterized by falling barriers to trade, harmonized regulatory frameworks, and mutual prosperity through comparative advantage—has …

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The US Federal Government Running Like A Corporation:  Transformation of Democratic Governance in the Corporate Age

By Prof. Habib Badawi ( [email protected] ) Mr. Abed Mougharbel ([email protected] ) Introduction The reimagining of the US federal government through corporate paradigms represents one of the most significant transformations in American public administration since the Progressive Era. This shift extends beyond mere operational efficiency to encompass fundamental changes in organizational structure, stakeholder relationships, and democratic …

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The Economic and Geopolitical Implications of Trump’s Tariff Policies: A Multinational Perspective

By Habib Al-Badawi Introduction The resurgence of protectionist trade policies under President Donald J. Trump’s renewed term marks a pivotal shift in global economic relations. As Rodrik (2018) presciently argued in Straight Talk on Trade, the tension between economic nationalism and global integration has become a defining feature of contemporary international relations. Trump’s characterization of …

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The Geopolitical Landscape of Biotechnology: Trade Wars and the Battle Over Intellectual Property

By Nandan Trivedi 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Global Significance of Biotechnology One of the most revolutionary sciences of the 21st century, biotechnology has been capable of completely changing the economic and social landscapes of various key industries: energy, agriculture, health, and environmental sustainability. Biotechnology gives creative solutions to the challenges of food security, climate change, …

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Crossroads of America:

The Evolving Dialectic of Obamaism and Trumpism in Contemporary Political Discourse By Habib Al-Badawi Introduction The emergence of Obamaism and Trumpism as competing political philosophies marks a critical juncture in American political development, representing what Sundquist (1983) identifies as a potential “sixth party system” in American politics. These movements embody fundamentally different visions of American …

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The End of Complacency: China’s Strategic Recalibration in Anticipation of a Potential Trump Presidency

By Professor Habib Al-Badawi Abstract This “research note” examines the strategic challenges faced by China, considering the potential return of Donald Trump to the U.S. presidency in 2024. It analyzes the complex interplay of domestic politics, economic interdependence, and geopolitical dynamics that shape Beijing’s foreign policy calculations. The study argues that the prospect of a …

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